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Fuller (weapon)
A fuller is a tool used in the trade of blacksmithing to produce a rounded or beveled groove or slot in the flat side of a blade (e.g. a sword, knife, or bayonet), and it also refers to the grooves made by these tools. These grooves are often called "blood grooves" or "blood gutters" as well as fullers, although their purpose has nothing to do with blood. A fuller is often used to lighten the blade, much the way that the shape of an I-beam allows a given amount of strength to be achieved with less material. When combined with proper distal tapers, heat treatment and blade tempering, a fullered blade can be 20% to 35% lighter than a non-fullered blade without any sacrifice of strength or blade integrity. This effect lessens as the blade is reduced in length. While this groove is often called a "fuller" by sword enthusiasts, it is the tool used to make the groove which is actually a fuller and the blade is said to be "fullered" after introduction of the groove.
==Etymology==
The term "fuller" is from the Old English ''fuliere'', meaning "one who fulls (pleats) cloth." It is derived from the Latin word ''fullo''. The first recorded use of the term as a blacksmithing tool is from 1864, according to ''Webster's Dictionary''.〔http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fuller〕 The term used in historical Europe is largely unknown, and due to the constantly changing nature of language, the popular term also may have varied from generation to generation. King Thrasamund of the Vandals was recorded in a letter to King Theodoric the Ostrogoth, giving thanks for a gift of swords, and refers to the fullers in the blades as simply grooves: "...their centers, hollowed out with beautiful grooves, seem to undulate with worm-like markings; for shadows of such variety you would think the metal was interwoven rather than shining with different colors."〔''A History of Metallography'' by Cyril Stanley Smith -- Mit Press 1960 Page 4〕 The French often use the term ''goutiere'' (gutter) or ''cannelure'' (channel). The ancient Viking term is unknown.〔''European Weapons and Armour: From the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution'' by Edwart Oakeshott -- The Lutterworth Press 1980 Page〕 As a verb, the old French term "gutter" meant "to cut small hollows," as in the gutter of a crossbow.〔''Nouveau dictionnaire français-anglois et anglois-françois'' By Louis Chambaud, Jean Baptiste René Robinet -- 1776 Page 245〕 The addition of "blood" to these words (i.e.: "blood channel," "blood gutter," "blood groove") was most likely a modern colloquialism, but gives the connotation of an unintended and undesirable purpose; that of directing blood toward the hands rather than lessening the weight of the blade. Therefore, in modern descriptions, fuller is often the preferred choice.〔http://bshistorian.wordpress.com/category/art/〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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